Bark residues have a highly available flow in the forestry industry and have been a potentially interesting resource for biorefineries. The bark of Bagassa guianensis trees (Moraceae), an important timber species from the Amazon, was studied regarding its anatomy, density, and chemical composition, considering its industrial use. Anatomically, the bark is characterized by rhytidome, conducting and non-conducting phloem, laticifers, secretory cells, gelatinous and septate fibers, multiseriate rays, and the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in parenchyma cells. The summative chemistry is represented by 24% total extractives, 1.97% suberin, 6.6% ash, 10.46% lignin, and 56.97% polysaccharides. The species presented low values for phenolic content (total phenols 8.56 mg GAE g -1, flavonoids 10.45 mg CE g -1 and condensed tannins 2.24 CE g -1) and in the mineral composition analysis, the macronutrient that stood out the most was Calcium (25.42 g kg-1) and the micronutrient was Iron (498.62 mg kg-1). The bark of B. guianensis showed interesting results for the chelation of the heavy metal Zinc at a concentration of 1 mg/ml (72%) and at 0.10 mg/ml (51%), both proving more efficient than the commercial chelating agent EDTA. Copper and Iron, however, had results inferior to the commercial chelating agent EDTA. The chemical characteristics of the bark of B. guianensis proved promising for the use of the material in the biorefinery industry.

This dissertation critically analyzes the Green ICMS in the State of Pará as an instrument of environmental extrafiscality and fiscal federalism, examining its theoretical foundations, normative structure, and concrete effectiveness within the context of decentralized ecological governance. The study is based on the understanding that the ecological redistribution of ICMS revenues constitutes a relevant mechanism for inducing environmental public policies, since it reallocates part of state tax revenues to municipalities according to environmental criteria established by law. However, the research shows that the formal existence of such criteria does not, by itself, ensure effective conservation outcomes, local institutional strengthening, or a proportional reduction in deforestation. Methodologically, this is a bibliographic study with a qualitative approach, developed through content analysis of doctrinal works, legislation, decrees, technical reports, and institutional documents. The investigation was structured around four analytical categories: intermunicipal equity, discursive legitimacy, ecological effectiveness, and institutional accountability. The findings indicate that, in the case of Pará, the Green ICMS has significant potential as an instrument of environmental fiscal justice and territorial recognition of ecological functions, but it still operates under a strong tension between fiscal compensation and ecological effectiveness. It was found that municipalities receiving the highest transfers remain associated with high levels of deforestation, which reveals limitations in the instrument’s inducing capacity when it is not accompanied by robust monitoring, social participation, intergovernmental coordination, and the strengthening of local administrative capacities. The study concludes that the Green ICMS should be understood not merely as a fiscal mechanism, but as an instrument of polycentric ecological governance, whose legitimacy and effectiveness depend on the articulation between distributive criteria, institutional control, democratic deliberation, and verifiable environmental outcomes.

Population growth is driving consumption rates to levels that threaten available resources, impacting all sectors, including the textile sector, which produces 100 billion pieces globally per year, 33% of which are discarded within the first year of purchase. In Brazil, textile waste generation amounts to approximately 170,000 tons annually, drawing attention to the waste generated in this industry. This study maps the literature on stakeholders involved in the Reverse Supply Chain (RSC) of the textile sector and identifies sustainable practices that strengthen this process, in order to propose a framework that represents this chain through a systematic literature review. The analysis identified and categorized 82 stakeholders into 24 categories, 16 of which are directly or indirectly related to RSC, highlighting their functions, interrelationships, and impacts on RSC effectiveness. The research also identified 97 additional components, both industrial and post-consumer, mostly focused on material recycling and the manufacture of new products. The results indicate that collaboration among stakeholders is important to drive RSC in the textile sector, although challenges such as a lack of adequate regulation and low consumer awareness still hinder the expansion of the system. As expected results, the study seeks to shed light on RSC practices in the textile industry, identifying gaps between the state of the art and the state of practice. Key contributions include structuring RSC, identifying stakeholders, and providing a framework based on the state of the art, which serves as a benchmark for structuring and developing RSC. The study reinforces the importance of developing public and business policies for the consolidation of a more sustainable textile sector.

Technological progress has provided an expansion in the ability to observe geographic space. Drone or remotely piloted aircraft (RAP) technology is spreading widely. With the greater use of ARP, the use of this technology for monitoring, inspection and planning increases, in addition to obtaining aerial images for relief studies, with special attention to environmental impacts. The use of this aircraft can significantly contribute to reducing environmental damage. The objective of this work is to take advantage of the ARP to take advantage of the resources of this aircraft and the products that can be generated, with the aim of planning safety measures to combat large fires involving municipal solid waste. The work presented the challenge of managing fire suppression in solid waste landfills, being a valuable tool for surveying and monitoring these areas, especially during the occurrence of large fires. This work and the proposed methodology are considered appropriate and innovative, as they provided guidance as a data collection tool for fire planning. The results demonstrated that the use of ARP for mapping areas can be useful for firefighting planning, in this context, in ARS-Aurá and Guamá.

This article proposes to relate environmental conservation and social crime prevention within the context of Intentional Lethal Violent Crimes (ILVCs) in the socio-environmental vulnerability of areas affected by large projects, aiming to investigate whether the increase or decrease in violence in these areas operates as a cause-and-effect relationship. The objective of the article is to analyze how environmental impacts influence the dynamics of violence and crime in the territory affected by environmental impacts, using as a study methodology the analysis of criminal statistics data from 2015 to 2022 in the municipality of Barcarena, state of Pará, and bibliographic and documentary research, taking as a benchmark the environmental disaster that occurred in 2018 in that municipality, when the tailings dam of the Hydro Alunorte company overflowed and reached the Murucupi River. The results presented demonstrate that environmental disasters directly impact the increase in violence and crime, concluding that large economic projects, such as mining, contribute to socio-structural disorganization that potentiates crime and increases socio-economic and environmental vulnerability.

Access to justice is a fundamental right, essential for ensuring citizenship and social equity. However, forest-dwelling peoples, such as Indigenous, riverine, quilombola, and agro-extractive communities, face structural, geographical, and institutional barriers that hinder this access. This study conducts a bibliometric and content analysis of academic research on the subject, utilizing databases such as Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and Scielo. Bibliometric and content analysis techniques were applied using VOSviewer and Iramuteq software to identify trends, gaps, and predominant approaches in the studies. The results indicate that the literature primarily focuses on Indigenous peoples, neglecting other traditional communities, and has limited alignment with the United Nations' 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16. The research highlights the need to expand the debate on access to justice for other populations and strengthen its connection with public policies and sustainability.

This study investigates the role of environmental certifications applied to the civil construction sector as instruments for promoting sustainability in the Brazilian Amazon, with a focus on their contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations' 2030 Agenda. The research is grounded in theoretical frameworks of sustainability, international environmental policies, and regulatory frameworks, highlighting LEED, GBC Brasil, AQUA-HQE, and Casa + Azul Seal certifications as mechanisms of socio-environmental regulation. A qualitative, exploratory-descriptive methodology was adopted, based on literature review and document analysis. Scientific, institutional, and governmental sources were examined, correlating certification criteria with 16 SDGs relevant to the Amazonian context. The results demonstrate positive impacts on at least 10 SDGs, particularly in areas such as health, education, water, energy, decent work, innovation, responsible consumption, sustainable cities, climate action, and biodiversity. The analysis revealed a concentration of certifications in Brazil’s South and Southeast regions, contrasting with their low incidence in the North, thereby highlighting territorial inequalities in access to sustainable construction practices. The theoretical and practical contributions of the study extend to public policy design, ESG strategies, urban planning, and the promotion of low-impact construction models. The originality of the research lies in the integrated analysis between environmental certifications and global development goals in an Amazonian context, proposing certification systems as strategic tools to transform development patterns in socio-environmentally vulnerable regions.

The problem of “piracy” in the rivers of the State of Pará has been consolidating itself
as one of the main risk factors for trade, riverside populations and increased risk factors
for public safety (crimes: drug trafficking, arms trafficking, human trafficking, trafficking
against children and adolescents, illegal deforestation, trafficking against biodiversity,
smuggling, etc.). Therefore, there is a need to increase new technologies aimed at
combating organized crime in the region. In the wake of the problem, this dissertation
aims to discuss risk management and economic and social development, based on
the actions of Public Security in the Western region of Marajó-PA, from the perspective
of the implementation of the social innovation tool, the river base, installed in the village
of Antônio Lemos, on the Tajapuru River, a unique point of river navigation, between

the capitals: Manaus - Belém and Macapá - Belém. In risk management, the aim is to

analyze the impact of crimes in the area of the Breves Straits (Itamaraty - Tajapuru -
Buiuçu rivers), a river corridor of utmost importance for the transportation of
passengers and cargo (containerized, grains, minerals, fuels, etc.), with greater
relevance for the transportation of electronics, soybeans and vehicles, showing its
trend in the river transport mode and its need in the North region of the country. The
research methodology was based on the survey of primary and secondary sources, as
well as analysis of data obtained from the public security system and the Civil Police
of the State of Pará - SISP2. The research demonstrated that the presence of the
State, through infrastructure, has the capacity to influence the dynamics of crime, as
well as to guarantee basic rights to riverside and traditional populations, inserting them
into the context of sustainability and local development.

This research investigated the relationship between the presence of open dumps, socio-environmental vulnerability, and public security in the municipalities of Breu Branco, Goianésia do Pará, Jacundá, Novo Repartimento, and Tucuruí, located in the region of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Dam Lake in the state of Pará. The study addressed
the problem of how open dumps affect public security and intensify socioenvironmental vulnerability in these communities, based on the hypothesis that
degraded areas become hotspots for crime and social exclusion. An interdisciplinary approach was adopted, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, with data analysis from the Social Vulnerability Index (IVS), the Social Progress Index (IPS), and
criminal records (2020-2023), in addition to spatial mapping via QGIS. The results revealed that the municipalities exhibit high socio-environmental vulnerability,
particularly in urban infrastructure and sanitation, with Tucuruí standing out negatively in the IPS, despite its high GDP. The spatial analysis identified a correlation between open dumps and crime, with nearby neighborhoods registering a high incidence of crimes, including homicides. It was concluded that poor solid waste management exacerbates environmental and social degradation, reinforcing cycles of violence and exclusion. The study recommends integrated public policies to eradicate open dumps, promote sustainable waste management, and strengthen public security, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Mineral exploration has been one of the main indirect drivers of deforestation in the Amazon, leading to road construction, unregulated land occupation, and environmental degradation. Illegal mining, especially in indigenous territories, has significantly increased, causing severe socio-environmental impacts. Mercury contamination is one of the major consequences of this activity, affecting water quality, soil, and biodiversity while posing a serious threat to public health. Soil degradation, ecosystem fragmentation, and biodiversity loss are recurrent issues resulting from uncontrolled mineral extraction. Regulatory measures have proven insufficient to curb the expansion of illegal mining. The vastness of the Amazon, combined with a lack of resources and the influence of economic and political interests, hinders the implementation of effective control actions. Furthermore, the presence of organized crime in the illegal mining sector exacerbates the situation, making enforcement operations dangerous and often ineffective. Given this scenario, adopting public policies that promote sustainable economic alternatives is essential to reduce dependence on mining. Strengthening regulatory oversight, utilizing advanced technologies for environmental monitoring, and increasing social awareness are crucial to mitigating the impacts of mineral exploration in the Amazon. Preserving the rainforest and protecting local communities require a collective effort from governments, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, and civil society. Without coordinated and effective actions, environmental degradation will continue to compromise biodiversity, natural resources, and the quality of life of populations that rely on the forest for survival.

This study investigated the bathing water quality conditions in the estuarine beaches of Mosqueiro (Paraíso, Chapéu Virado, and Farol), in Pará, during the period of lowest rainfall (July and August 2024). Five consecutive samplings were conducted at six points along these beaches, covering both low and high tide periods, with twice-daily monitoring (morning and afternoon) for the analysis of Total Coliforms, E. coli, and physicochemical parameters (apparent color, turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH).The results demonstrated significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in water quality, evidenced by the analysis across different periods of the day. Paraíso Beach, especially in the morning samplings, presented the most favorable conditions, being classified as "Excellent." In contrast, Chapéu Virado and Farol beaches were frequently classified as "Unsuitable" for bathing, indicating a higher degree of fecal contamination, particularly in the afternoon periods and during peak tourist visitation, highlighting the influence of anthropic pressure.Turbidity (r=0.34), apparent color (r=0.38), and water temperature (r=0.31) showed a positive and moderate correlation with E. coli concentration. These parameters serve as potential environmental predictors for water quality in the Amazonian estuarine region, providing crucial support for the development of early warning systems and more agile and cost-effective monitoring. The interrelationships among physicochemical parameters, such as the negative correlation of dissolved oxygen with turbidity and apparent color, deepen the understanding of the factors affecting the microbiological quality of these waters.A comparative analysis between the data from this study and those reported by the Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente (SEMMA) revealed significant discrepancies, with SEMMA data generally presenting lower concentrations of E. coli and raising questions about the representativeness of official data, even for samplings conducted on coincident dates.This study highlights the urgency of investments in basic sanitation and effective public policies to mitigate contamination, protect public health, and ensure the tourist potential and sustainable development of Mosqueiro Island, contributing to the literature on bathing water quality in tropical estuarine ecosystems.

Accurate quantification of aboveground biomass and carbon stocks in tropical
forests is essential for emission inventories, climate policies, and the fulfillment
of mitigation targets. This study compared the performance of three widely used
allometric equations — Réjou-Méchain et al. (2017), Brown (1997), and
Nogueira et al. (2008) — to estimate biomass and carbon in a 3,300-hectare
forest concession within the Paru State Forest, Eastern Amazon. A total of
21,241 trees (DBH ≥ 39 cm) from 64 species were analyzed using normalized
difference, diameter class, and species-based analyses. The results revealed
total differences of up to 11.2% between Brown and Nogueira, and 6% between
Réjou-Méchain and Brown. The univariate equations (Brown and Nogueira)
showed high agreement (R² > 0.99) but systematically diverged from the
multivariate model of Réjou-Méchain. The greatest discrepancies occurred in
larger diameter classes (160–200 cm), with normalized differences ranging from
0.26 to 0.32, indicating overestimation by the univariate models for large trees.
Low wood-density species such as Pouteria pachycarpa (ρ = 0.29 g/cm³) and
Cedrela odorata (ρ = 0.41 g/cm³) were overestimated by up to 39%, whereas
dense-wood species such as Handroanthus serratifolius (ρ = 0.89 g/cm³) were
underestimated by up to 16% by univariate equations. The findings demonstrate
that multivariate models incorporating wood density and bioclimatic variables
reduce systematic biases and increase the accuracy of estimates, contributing
to more reliable inventories and strengthening policies aligned with SDG 13.

Charcoal is an important alternative source, as it is a product that can be used for a variety of purposes, in the pharmaceutical, chemical, steel and metallurgical industries, as well as for domestic use, in gasifiers to produce electricity in rural areas, among others. Brazil is the only country that uses charcoal on an industrial scale in steelmaking and metallurgy, but it is still unable to meet total demand, while other countries use mineral coal as a thermo-reducing agent in the production of pig iron, steel and other metal alloys, which is a non-renewable source and has high greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The aim of this research was to analyze the panorama of charcoal production in Brazil and in the state of Pará, as well as to qualitatively analyze the charcoal produced in the furnace-burner system, in order to understand its physical, chemical, mechanical and energy properties. The databases used to compile scientific articles were: Periódicos Capes, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and Scielo, using the keywords: charcoal, production, economics, extractivism and forestry. And through the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) Automatic Recovery System (SIDRA) for the period 2012 to 2021, with the variables production (tons) and charcoal. Finally, laboratory analyses were carried out to determine the charcoal's physical, mechanical, chemical and energy properties. Charcoal production in Brazil and Pará is mainly directed to steel and metallurgical plants. In Brazil and Pará in the years studied, there was a reduction in the production of charcoal from extractivism, while the production of charcoal from planted forests increased. One of the problems for the low production in the state is the low technology used. Currently, new technologies are being implemented, such as the furnace-straw system, but they still need studies to improve their use in the region. In the analysis of the quality of the charcoal produced in the furnace-oven system, average values were found for basic apparent density (0.4821 g/cm³), moisture (11.66 %), friability (22.11%), fixed carbon (79.69%), volatile materials (17.88%), ash (2.43%), useful calorific value (29146,83 Kj/kg), higher calorific value (30946,53 Kj/kg), lower calorific value (29477,95 Kj/kg). All the properties showed satisfactory results for use in the steel industry, except for moisture and ash content, which were slightly higher than recommended, but it is possible to improve these properties in order to satisfactorily meet all the recommendations for the use of charcoal in the state's steel industry.

The role of conservation unit management is to ensure a balance between biodiversity preservation, the needs of local communities, and the pursuit of sustainable economic activities. In this regard, understanding social, economic, and political dynamics is crucial for developing efficient strategies that promote conservation without harming the environment and the livelihoods of local populations, addressing the key challenges associated with these issues. With this purpose, this study aimed to identify management challenges of conservation units through a literature review and validate them from the perspective of professionals in the field, considering the context of the Amazon Region. To achieve this, a literature review and a survey were conducted. The literature review resulted in the identification of fifteen challenges. The survey was administered to professionals working in conservation unit management to validate these challenges. The collected data were analyzed using the Lawshe method validation approach. The results indicated that twelve out of the fifteen analyzed challenges were validated by the professionals. Challenges related to lack of financial resources, urbanization, land conflicts, monitoring and enforcement, lack of community engagement, climate change, deforestation and illegal exploitation, lack of environmental education, political bureaucracy, conflicts with local communities, indigenous territory overlap, and corruption were considered valid. The obtained results provide valuable insights for the development of more targeted and sustainable conservation policies in the Amazon. Considering that effective management of these units, by overcoming these challenges, not only ensures biodiversity preservation but also positively impacts local communities and the ecosystem services vital to the planet's health.

This dissertation focuses on hydrological disasters, such as floods and floods, which have natural origins, but whose probability of occurrence has increased due to urbanization and its interference in river basins. According to the United Nations, floods affected around 103 million people around the world, causing significant damage and losses to society. The UN has established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
among which SDG number 11 aims to combat and reduce the consequences of these adversities. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and map flood risk areas in subwatershed 1 of the Estrada Nova watershed in Belém/PA, aiming to highlight theneed for more effective planning and management of risks and disasters. to the study area. In the methodology, geotechnologies and multi-criteria analysis were used, with the creation of five maps of factors that contribute to flooding: slope, hypsometry, pedology, rainfall and land use and occupation. Using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method, each criterion was evaluated and had its weight distributed, allowing the overlay of their raster files and resulting in the flood risk map. The final
risk map showed an area with high vulnerability to flooding, with 98% of its area prone to flooding and a tendency for water to accumulate. The topographic, precipitation and land use and occupation maps had notable contributions to these results, indicating that the area is flat, with voluminous precipitation and impermeable soil, characterizing a region with high rainfall flow, but with low runoff and infiltration. Therefore, it is necessary to verify whether the measures taken were sufficient to meet the needs that this map showed, where it is seen that there is an urgency for more effective actions in urban planning and management.

The study investigated the diversity of plant species in an agroforestry backyard as a biocultural unit in a floodplain area of the APA Ilha do Combu, highlighting the importance of conserving native species, understanding the ecosystem services they provide, and promoting sustainable management practices. A total of 59 species were identified, including 37 natives and 22 introduced, with an emphasis on native species due to their fundamental role in the local ecosystem. An adapted walking survey method was used. Data regarding biocultural uses were collected through bibliographic research. The presence of different biocultural uses attributed to the plant species, such as food, medicinal, wood use, and Non-Timber Forest Products, was revealed. Furthermore, the research highlighted the relevance of agroforestry backyards in environmental conservation, emphasizing that the diversity of species cultivated in an integrated manner promotes beneficial ecological interactions, increasing the resilience of the local ecosystem and providing a variety of resources for the residents. The conservation of native species was pointed out as crucial for the sustainability of local ecosystems and for the maintenance of the ways of life of riverine communities. Awareness of the importance of biodiversity and the valorization of traditional knowledge were highlighted as essential strategies for environmental conservation and the well-being of local populations.

The municipalization of traffic is recommended by the Brazilian Traffic Code (CTB), signaling the improvement of the quality of life in cities, improving circulation and reducing accidents, as it allows the discussion and administration of these matters between governments and citizens who experience these problems most closely. The objective of this research is to develop an overview of the municipalization of traffic in Brazil and analyze which challenges are valid in this context when considering their relationship with the achievement of the sustainable development objectives (SDO) proposed by the UN. Document analysis, literature review and survey with specialist professionals in the field were adopted as a research strategy. The first stage consisted of preparing an overview of the municipalization of traffic in Brazil by surveying documents from the bodies involved and also analyzing the literature in the area (article). The second stage will consist of surveying the literature on the challenges for promoting the municipalization of traffic and analyzing which of these challenges are valid in the Brazilian context when considering the relationship with the achievement of SDO through a survey that was developed together with professionals in the field. The data collected at this stage they were processed using the Lawshe method. Through the elaboration of the panorama of the municipalization of traffic in Brazil (article), it was possible to expand the understanding of the process of implementing the municipalization of traffic in the Brazilian context, identifying the processes and procedures necessary for the development of such action. Furthermore, the challenges to be overcome to enhance the municipalization of traffic in the Brazilian context was identified in the literature and their validation is being carried out from the perspective of professionals in the field considering the relationship with the SDO proposed by the UN.

The research addresses a comparitive research of stakeholders’ responsibilities as mentioned in the literature with Brazilian legal framework, concerning responsibility in reverse supply chains (RSC) of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Reverse Logistics (RL) is crucial for integrating government, industry, and Other stakeholders, aiming to balance economic and environmental considerations in waste management. The research aims to analyze responsibilities in WEEE RSC in na emerging economy from the literature's perspective. The methodology included a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify trends and gaps, followed by a comparative analysis between national legal instruments and literature on stakeholder responsibilities in WEEE RSC. A theoretical framework was developed to define the concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). Results indicated a growing interest in the topic, particularly focused on WEEE, and a convergence between Brazilian legal instruments and responsibilities identified in the literature, emphasizing the importance of shared responsibility and internalization of environmental costs. The study underscores the evolution of the EPR concept, suggesting the development of models for assigning responsibilities in RSC, especially in emerging economies, to promote sustainability.

After the installation of industrial enterprises, a new social, economic and environmental configuration began to take place in Barcarena, with direct repercussions on local crime rates. Objective: to analyze the impacts of mining activity on crime in Barcarena/PA. Methodology: it was based on official statistical data from the State between the years 2010 and 2022, focusing on records of environmental and property crimes and drug trafficking, for this purpose, it is supported by bibliographical research, as well as documentary analysis , being an explanatory study with an integrative approach, based on the analysis of statistical data (records of environmental, property and drug trafficking crimes). Results: it was observed that the presence of large mining enterprises in Barcarena seems to have had an influence on the dynamics of crime in that area, and that the high rates of crimes against property, as well as the predominance of records of environmental crimes in the vicinity of mining companies reinforce that structural demographic changes and infrastructural expansion across the region have played a critical role in the spread of environmentally-affecting crime and convergent crime.

The genus Handroanthus sp. (ipê) (Bignoniaceae) stands out in the international market for its trade-in noble
wood, due to its physical-mechanical characteristics, being highly profitable in manufacturing decks. In the
state of Pará, Brazil, the consolidated market for harvesting wood from species belonging to this group poses
monitoring challenges, as illicit acts regarding wood identification for commercialization are common. Wood
anatomy, combined with the use of artificial intelligence, is an alternative to combat illegal logging and
ensure the security ofmonitoring these species' markets. The study aimed to identify two species of the
genus Handroanthus Mattos based on macroscopic images using a multilayer neural network. Sample
collection was conducted at Madeireira Ideal, Industry, Commerce, and Exportation, certified by the Forest
Stewardship Council (FSC), in the state of Pará. A total of 140 specimens were obtained for the creation of
the dataset. Macroscopic images were obtained in the cross-section of the specimens under 10x
magnification, using a stereomicroscope coupled to an EZ4 D digital camera with a resolution of 18
megapixels, using the Las Used software.The model achieved an accuracy (73%) for the classification and
identification of the species Handroanthus serratifolius and Handroanthus impetiginosus.

This research project is dedicated to the debate about riverside communities inhabiting the Amazon region, surrounded by its ecosystems, biodiversity, fauna, and flora. It addresses the fact that forests are vital to the planet and human life, as they provide clean air, shelter, food, medicine, and protect the environment against natural disasters. The objective of this research is to analyze the creation of a protocol for the implementation of a group of Forest Guardians focused on monitoring, conservation, and protection of the forest in the territory of the Padaria/AP community. The research strategy adopted was a literature review, document analysis, and field research. The first stage consisted of developing an overview of the need for protection, preservation, and monitoring of the Amazon biome, located in the state of Amapá, especially in the locality of Laranjal do Jari, and its use in accordance with the law, which resulted in the article entitled "Scientific evidence on the contribution of the environmental knowledge of traditional peoples in actions for the protection and conservation of the forest". The second stage consisted of a field survey to clarify possible gaps in knowledge regarding the social use of the territory and the methods of defending the remaining forest and the illegal extraction of natural resources within the territory of the Padaria/AP community. Through an integrative literature review, it can be said that the knowledge of traditional peoples has guaranteed, in practice, the balance of the environment in which they live, and that these territories continue to provide essential services such as water, fertile soil, food, shelter, and medicine to all forms of life. Regarding local oversight, although timber extraction is observed within the community's territory, there are no records of enforcement actions in the area, making it an activity officially unknown to the public authorities. The community is interested in acting as guardians of the forest as a way to prevent the disorderly use of natural resources. However, this requires the community to be trained.

Disorderly urban growth has considerably affected the hydrological cycle, due to changes in the process of water infiltration into the soil and natural changes in water flow in the urban environment. Thus, in order to assess the efficiency of the different types of current drainage systems, it is important to consider the adoption of criteria in the socio-environmental, technical and economic scope, in order to enable the choice of the most suitable one for the drainage of an area among alternative possible projects for the drainage system. Thus, the main objective of this study is to structure a model to support decision-making on alternative drainage systems, based on a multicriteria approach, which can be designed for an urban watershed. To do so, a methodological procedure was used that used a multicriteria TOPSIS-AHP method to select which alternative urban macro drainage project in the area under study can be used to mitigate the impacts of floods. Applied to the Estrada Nova (BHEN) watershed, located in the city of Belém/PA, five proposed drainage systems were adopted, based on technical, economic and socio-environmental criteria for the functionality of the BHEN. The results showed that a set of actions, the proposed drainage system, the dimensions of the channels and the estimated costs of maintenance and operation of the gates were efficient for an alternative that was presented as the "ideal" for mitigating the impacts of floods in the area. BHEN.

The society’s development is intrinsically related with the water, as a natural resource essential for life in the planet. The contamination or pollution of the water leads to variables phenomena, being on them the eutrophication. Following, aiming the sustainable management of the water resources, the Trophic State Index was developed to make possible the water classification in different degrees of trophic, and the remote sensoring is one of the tools capable to measure this index. That being the case, the objective of this research is to comprehend the capacity of the remote sensoring of predict the Trophic State Index in Portel bay, Pará state. The following research is composed by two phases divided in papers. First it was characterized the land use in the surroundings of the bay through historic research of the county, local photographs registers, image treatment in SIG and NDVI determination. In the second paper, it was identified the standards of spatial distribution of the chlorophyll a in Portel bay using images from the satellite Sentinel 2, after that, it was compared the trophic levels obtained through the remote sensoring analysis and the laboratorial analysis. Through this method, it was identified the water multiple uses along the city bay, including activities that require different water standards. In addition, it was observed through the satellite images that after six years occurs advances in human activities in the central region of Portel, as an example the deforestation. In the second paper, it can be observed that in all the points, the values of TSI verified by the remote sensoring are close to the laboratorial analysis, reaching, predominantly, the mesotrophic class. Before along, the preventive monitoring of this area, where the population have a strong relation with the water of the bay, are viable through environmental programs, which uses the TSI as a tool in association with the remote sensoring and considering the CONAMA nº 357/2005 as a parameter of the chlorophyll a, with an alert for any identification in the analysis by remote sensoring of approaching the maximum value allowed by law.

This article deals with women’s perspective on the conservation and restoration of clearings in the Community Forest Management area in the “Verde para Sempre” Extractive Reserve. The study was authorized by the CEP/CCBS/UEPA Ethics Committee (CAAE no. 66784123.7.0000.5174) and registered with the National System for the Management of Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge (SisGen no. AF88B46) and with the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio no. 86781-1). Rapid Participatory Diagnosis was used to collect sampled information following the “Snowball” methodology adapted to the inclusion criteria in the project. A preliminary floristic survey was conducted on natural regeneration in nine gaps distributed in three Work Units. The results indicate that female participation in Management activities is still incipient, however with great potential for action on several fronts, whether in administrative management or in the technical application of the Forest Management Plan. Despite the extraordinary potential, riverside women who live in the “Verde para Sempre” RESEX are still strongly repressed by the behavior of men who dominate the forest management, and most of the time make decisions and execute actions which are under the control of female responsibility. In economic terms, benefits from carrying out activities within the scope of community forest management developed in the conservation unit is rare. Naturally, riverside women better identify with actions that require less physical effort, such as those aimed at restoring clearings after forest harvesting. Recognition and strengthening of female participation in forest management activities are needed. Therefore, strategies and actions aimed at education and training, as well as self-care workshops, should be considered and implemented as a way to achieve greater engagement of riverside women in forest management activities.

Smart homes have benefits that make users' lives more practical, however, even in growth, it is a market less used by the population. Therefore, this research aimed to identify and analyze the factors that influence the population of the city of Belém, in Pará, Brazil, in the acquisition of intelligent equipment to adapt their homes. For this, an online survey was applied with a sample of 137 residents of the city under study. It was noticed that the general profile of those who use it is composed of people who are often involved with using the internet for fun or leisure and occasionally dedicate time to renovations or repairs in their homes, and the main motivator for obtaining these technologies is the comfort and ease that these devices generate for everyday life, in addition to the possibility of having access to entertainment in an easier way. The profile of those who do not use it is also formed, mostly, by people who are frequently involved with the use of the internet, but they dedicate a greater amount of time to the development of their careers, in addition to never getting involved with repairs in their homes. The generator of disinterest for this group is the lack of initial capital to invest in the purchase of devices, as they have a high value, and the lack of knowledge about them. The equipment used by the participants was not acquired with the purpose of energy saving, even though the vast majority believe in achieving sustainability through them. In addition, the majority stated that they would use the technologies if there was some type of bonus for the energy savings generated by them, which is why the creation of government incentives was proposed to help increase the use of these technologies.

Dipteryx odorata, commonly known as cumaru, is a tree native to the Amazon rainforest. The tree can grow up to 30 meters tall, and its wood is dense, sturdy, and has a sweet aroma. Cumaru wood is widely used in the production of furniture and flooring. Cumaru is a versatile species as it provides various ecosystem services such as provisioning, wood, and seed production, regulation including carbon sequestration and nutrient fixation, support in the restoration of degraded areas, and cultural services encompassing various aspects of society, such as culinary uses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish potential areas for cumaru (Dipteryx odorata) production and agroforestry restoration.The density of cumaru species in the state of Pará was mapped using kernel analysis, and the occurrence of the species in the state was predicted through multiple regression analysis. Subsequently, a principal component analysis was conducted to determine which factors aptly affect the occurrence of the species. Based on these findings, a map indicating medium, low, and high suitability for cumaru cultivation in the state was developed. It was found that the majority of the state has generally favorable climate conditions for the germination of the species, while the northern region exhibits ideal conditions for its development. The proposed map can assist in decision-making regarding the selection of priority areas for species planting, taking into consideration bioclimatic factors.

The Amazon rainforest harbors a high diversity of forest species. However, illegal exploitation for wood and charcoal production has contributed to increased deforestation and degradation of natural forests. Measures are being taken to reverse this reality. As part of these efforts, the identification of wood and charcoal has assisted in the control of illegally traded species. Additionally, anthracology can provide guidance to improve the production and quality of the biochar, given the significant heterogeneity of species and, consequently, wood quality. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the anatomy of wood and charcoal from fifteen species included in sustainable forest management plans in the Brazilian Amazon. Samples were taken for macroscopic and microscopic wood identification, macroscopic and microscopic (SEM) analysis of charcoal, and for obtaining basic and apparent density. This research was divided into two chapters. The first article describes the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of wood and charcoal to contribute to a database in the anatomical identification of wood and charcoal and support the illegal monitoring of forest species. Diagnosable features such as vessel arrangements, type of axial parenchyma, and, in some cases, perforation plates, exclusively uniseriate rays were crucial for supporting and identifying wood and charcoal. This study contributes to monitoring the illegal trade of wood and charcoal and provides a database and reference collections of charcoal available for research, training, and consulting for forest supervisors, wood anatomists, and anthracologists. The second article evaluates the effect of pyrolysis on the anatomical characteristics of secondary xylem in species of different densities and types of axial parenchyma. The analysis of changes was performed through microscopic anatomy of wood and charcoal. To assess changes in wood after carbonization, mean comparison tests were conducted. Additionally, multivariate analysis of species clustering was performed using the principal component analysis technique. After carbonization, vessel diameter decreased in 11 species. Vessel frequency increased in most analyzed individuals. The yield varied between 31.04% and 39.05%. Species with the highest gravimetric yield were Manilkara elata, Pouteria oblanceolata, and Dinizia excelsa with 39.45%, 36.33%, and 36.25%, respectively. No contraction or expansion pattern was observed for quantitative wood parameters after carbonization, considering species of medium and high density and abundance of parenchyma. Overall, the effect of carbonization was highly variable, even in species of the same genus. Further studies are needed to better understand the effect of carbonization on wood anatomy

This work discusses the complexity and dynamism of sustainability, which encompasses multiple dimensions influenced by local and temporal contexts, divided into three: environmental, economic, and social. The objective of this study was to apply the MESMIS framework (Spanish acronym for Framework for Assessing Natural Resource Management Systems Incorporating Sustainability Indicators) and identify critical points in current family production through indicators. The study was divided into two parts: 1) bibliometric analysis and 2) application of the tool for data collection and analysis. The latter part was conducted in the Colônia do Uraim community in Paragominas, Pará state, to generate the indicators. Nine family agroecosystems participated through observation and questionnaires, allowing the identification of critical points and the selection of indicators for measuring the degree of sustainability. The main critical points identified were the lack of technical assistance and issues with pests and weeds in production, resulting in 30 indicators. The MESMIS method is a relevant and applicable tool for assessing sustainability in various contexts. There is a growing interest in studies using this methodology, driven by the Sustainable Development Goals. It is globally applied, encompassing different countries and continents. The studied family agroecosystems showed intermediate efforts in vegetation conservation, with reforestation being a notable aspect. Improvement is needed in pest control, waste management, and addressing economic challenges. Recommendations include promoting environmental conservation, increasing per capita income, integrating activities, and improving infrastructure. Social improvements involve access to basic services and participation in collective decisions. These actions aim to strengthen sustainability and enhance the quality of life for families in agroecosystems.

The study focuses on Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) K. Schum, known as "pau-mulato," a species belonging to the Rubiaceae family. This family is vast, encompassing thousands of species and genera worldwide, with around 130 genera and 1,500 species just in Brazil, 258 of which are found in the Amazon, including 174 exclusive to the region. Active compounds within this family include iridoids, alkaloids, and anthraquinones. The tree is prevalent in the Amazon region, particularly in floodplain areas, pastures, and areas affected by environmental degradation. Its dispersal occurs along the Amazon River, with seedlings taking root in clayey and flood-prone soils. Scientific literature mentions the plant's medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial actions, yet there are limited studies on its pharmaceutical aspects. The bark of the stem is widely used in the form of teas or topical infusions to treat inflammations, skin infections, and hyperpigmentation—a common condition caused by excessive melanin production, leading to aesthetic problems. Due to the demand for its products, concerns arise regarding the tree's predatory exploitation. A study conducted at the Federal University of Pará aimed to assess the skin lightening potential of C. spruceanum bark on hyperpigmented spots. Tests were conducted to identify compounds present in the plant, such as condensed and hydrolysable tannins, reducing sugars, and chemical profiling via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results indicated the presence of compounds like fatty acids, terpenic derivatives, and phenolics, suggesting antioxidant and lightening actions. The presence of palmitic acid showed potential as an acylcarnitine inhibitor, acting as an antioxidant and neuroprotective agent. Other compounds like phytol exhibited inhibition of retinol, used in cell renewal, while phenols stood out for their inhibition of tyrosinase, an enzyme pivotal in melanin production. In conclusion, the research suggests that C. spruceanum holds skin-lightening potential for hyperpigmented spots, showcasing a variety of compounds with properties that could influence skin pigmentation regulation.

Concrete production has become a frequent target of studies focusing on sustainability in its production
chain, given the successive environmental degradation it causes. That said, the present work aims to
investigate sustainability in the context of civil construction through the recycling of solid waste in the
manufacture of concrete. The methodology used in the present work encompasses a narrative literature
review of scientific articles published in journals from 2019 to 2023 relating to the survey of the types of
recyclable waste that contribute to the manufacture of concrete. Glass, pneumatic and construction and
demolition waste was explained, which had potential in partially replacing some components of the
concrete mix, as well as adding them together with minerals to optimize mechanical results. Therefore,
the manufacture of concrete from waste recycling boosts sustainability in the context of civil construction,
the saving of natural resources and the sustainable disposal of waste, contributing to the field of study
with new technologies related to sustainable development.